Coupling of electrical circuit



A, CUNNINGHAM COUPLING OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT Filed August 22, 1923 N 2a 3%: a1 7 E mum F1 mm? 30 35 INVENTOR mm MM BY Patented 0st ALEXANDER cuuume'neiapor BROOKLYN, a w'y a issmao-aar ONEQH ALL A EnrcAoABLEsI Q, orunw YORK, a. Y.,'ACORPORA'.I1IQ1\T" or 'ixinw YonK 'i comer-Ins 'OIEII'ELECTRIWCAL cinema;

. -This inventioi relates to ,an improved method and apparatus adapted for use in electricsignalling, and more particularly in some of llJSfilGtiLllS tojiinprovements in re-' ceiving instruments for telegraphs,suchas are ordinarily employed when the signalling currents are work. i g A It is an object of the invention toprovide an improved method and apparatus of the class mentioned for amplifying theeifects of fceblecuirents and reproducing them in amplified form in a plurality oftranslating devices while at the same t me avoiding in-z the relay andrecorder circuits and to avoid' mutual interference of these instruments.

Still another object ofthe invention is to provide an improved apparatus of theclass mentioned whereby faults are more readily located and continuity of service thus promote-d.

n further object is the'provision of an improved apparatus of the class mentioned,

whereby a plurality of translating devices may be operated inthe receiverv of the signal circuit without I mutual interference with theiroperationor distortion of their circu ts;

Other obj ectsofthe invention will in part be'obvious and willinpart appear herein after.

The invention accordingly comprises the several steps and the relation and order of one or. more of .such steps with respect to each of the others, and the apparatus embodyin features of COnStlllCtlOIl,yCOH1blnations or elements and arrangement of parts which are adapted to effect such steps, all as exemplified in the following. detailed disclosure, and the scopev of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.

. V For a completeunderstanding of the. Hitture and objectsof the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description talzen in connection with the ;ac conipanying drawings in which i i very feeble, .as in submarine Fig. l is afpartially diagrammatic; frag-if meiitary view of a rece ving apparatus em bodying the invention;

Fig.-2 'is a circuit diagram illustrating the appl cation of the principles of theinvn- Y d 4" are modified circuit diar" tion; and

. Figs. 3 a

grams;

Referring to of the invention there 7 shown, a sensitive ,re-

'ceiving instrument is indicated in Fig, 1, il-

lustrating an application ofjthe invention form the effects produced. by: weak electric current impulses such as encounteredin sub' fora detaileddescription of :the illustrative :e11r1bo'diinentsmarine telegraphy; The sensitive receiving coil 9 is supported inv the magnetic fieldqof" the'field magnets'N and S bya filament 10 for angular movement :on 'its vertical axis in a known manner; The movable coil 9 is connected to the cable circuit by. conductors 11,12, q c t v A light cradle plate 13 is suspended by a horizontally disposed thread or wire l fsupported at its ends by pins 15 .and 16 adjustably mounted in a stationary yoke 17. The

movable coil 9 is connected to transmit angular movement to the cradle .plate 13 aboutits horizontal axis by means of fibres- 18 connected to. the upperand lower edges of the cradleplate and to the'coil 9.

I, Fineresistance conductorsa and b are supported by the cradle plateby means of a .l ght rod, preferablya hollow glass rod 19 attached to the cradle plate, depending there.

below and movable therewith. A conductor- '20.is connected to .theadjacent ends of the resistance conductors a and b, preferablyexteiidingthrougli the hollow rod and leadingto the "circuit bya conductorindicated at 21;

As shown itis convenient. toform the re zsistance conductors a and'bofa continuous;

filament, the conductor. 20 beingelectrically connected intermediate the ends'thereoff Fine resistancefconductors ,0, d, similar to resistance conductors a, b' are mounted in stationary position alongside of and parallel v respectivelyto the conductors a and Z2, being however preferably mounted for independent adj ustments'o .as to bring them into cor: rect relative position with referenceto the conductors a and 6Q Connecting conductors- I 22, 23'lead from the outer ends respectively of the conductors a and b, and similar connecting conductors 2dand are connected respectively tolthe cuter ends of the cenductors 0 and cl. The connecting conductors 22,23 in practice are to be arranged so as not to interfere'with the free movement of the movable resistance conductors sand 6, and the outer ends of the movable conductors (z and b will be appropriately supported, as

will be understood by those skilled in the art. The resistance conductors a, Z), c, (l are preferably of Wallaston wire, and when the apparatus isfinoperation are continuously heated by passage of an electric current, as

. will be more fully set forth hereinafter.

A preferred arrangement for the heated between thejuncture of arms a, b and the juncture of arms 26, 27. The heated re 'sistance conductors '0, (Z, similarly form two arms Ufa-separate VVheatstone bridge, the remaining or balancing arms being formed by resistances 29, which as in the case of balancing resistances 26 and 27 may be adjustable for initiallybalancing the bridge.

A second translating device '31, such as the sensitive 0011 of a recording instrument, is

i connected across the second bridge between the juncture of resistance conductors 0, (Z and the juncture of balancing coils 29, 30. The resistance conductors a, b, 0, (Z, are heated to'the desired operating temperature by an electric current supplied by a source E, regulatedby anadjustable resistance 32, an any meter 33b'eing preferably employed to indicate the. heating 7 current. in the embodiment of Fig. 2 the two bridges are connected for current supply from the battery E. v I i The operation of the apparatus above described is substantially as follows: The small'angular movements of the coil 9 under the influence of the signal currents will be transmitted through the connecting fibres 18 to the cradle plate 13 which moves on its support 14: as an axis and through the supporting rod 19 transmitting lateral movements to the resistance conductors a and 6 corresponding to the movements of the .coil 9. Movement of the cradle in one direction, for example, will bring the conductor a closer to conductor ,0, while the conductors b and 62 will. at the same time be separated, while movement in the opposite direction will have the reverse effect, that is, conductors a, 0, will be separated and'con'ductors Also as shown Z), (Z will approach each other, as will'be clearly seen in Fig. 1. Since all these resistanceconductors are continuously heated by the heating current, themutual'heat'exchange between conductors a and c willbe increased'when the conductors are moved closer together, and radiation of heat from p the wires into the surrounding air will be increased. ldutual heat exchange will be decreased when the conductors move apart. The conductors b and (Z will, of course, at the same time be subjected to similar "effects of heat radiation and heat exchange, but" conditions will be reversed, because when the space between the conductors a and 0 is deapart, and corresponding but reverse conditions will at the same time exist as regards the conductors Z) and cl.

These mutual heating conditions of the resistance conductors are taken advantageof to unbalance the bridges due to therise or fall of resistance when the temperature changes, and currents will flow through the translating devices 28 and 31, producing effects therein corresponding to the effects produced in the coil 9, but in amplified form. Current variations in the translating device 28 of the bridge having the movable resistance conductors will, therefore, be exactly duplicated in the translating device 81 of the other bridge, but there will be no interference of one bridge circuit by the other and no distortion will be produced in the cir cuits of the translating devices and consequently no interference with the continuous and satisfactory operation thereof. Each translating device exhibits the same mani festations as the other while they are connected in entirely separate electriccircuits.

This arrangement is especially advantageous in telegraphy, p-articularlyin submarine telegraphy, inwhich case the translating device 28 may be the elcctro-responsive or sensitive element of a relay instrument, while the translating device 31 may be the electro-responsive or sensitive element of "a recording instrument. Since there is no distortion in the circuits of the sensitive elements and no mutual interference therebetween, the recording instrument-will ma re a true record of the signals as received while the relay element 28 will independently perform its function. A disturbance in the relaying circuits or apparatus, will, therefore, not affect the operation of the recording mechanism, and line faults may therefore be more readily located and corrected. It will sponding partsxare indicated by the same reference numerals. The operation willbe be 'readily"understood that the principles-f involved in this invention may be employed, to -reproduce, amplify, transmit, record or: relay the-effects of various feeble forces not being limited to, the illustrative embodiment understood in view ofthe foregoing. descrlptlon. In this case, however, an am meter 34 1s employed In the circuit of-the heated resistance conductors of each bridge .the generic and specific features of the inlustrative' and notin a limiting sense.

and separate controlling resistances 85 are employed. It will, therefore, bepossible by this arrangementto independently adjust the temperature of the resistance conductors. of the bridges. 1 r Also in the circuit arrangement disclosed in the embodiment of Fig. 4 the arrangement of heated resistance conductors and of heat coupled WVheatstone bridges issimilar to that of Figs. 2 and 3, and the correspond ing parts are indicated by the same refer-I ence numerals. In this case, however, two separate sources of energy of E and E are employed and the current from each I source to the respective bridge is independently controlled through the adjustable resistances 35. In this case there is no electrical connection between the two Wheatstone-bridges.

Since certain changes in carrying out the i above process and in the constructions. set forth, which embody the invention. may be made without departing from its scope, it is intended that all matter contained in'the. above description or shown in the accompanying drawing shall be inter'pretedas il- It is also'to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of vention herein described,-and all statements of the scope Oftlie invention which,las a. matter of language, might be said to fall .therebetween.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: I l. A method of amplifying and reproducing the effects of small forces in a plurality of translating devices which comprises connecting saidtranslating devices in separate, electric circuits, passing independent electric currents through said circuits so as to gen erate heat in each circuit, and reproducing in one of said translating devices. by the mutual heat exchange between said circuits the effects produced in another of said translating devices by said small forces. '2. A method of amplifying and reproducingthefeff'ectsof small forces' in plurality ofv translating :devices which includes, 0011- nectingsaid translating devices in separate electric circuits, passing heating electric cur' rents through said circuits so as to generate thereby affecting one of said translating devices in accordance with said small forces, and reproducing in another of said translat+ ing devices by said varying mutual heating.

produced in said one trans-., 1

effect' the effect lating device. i

3.;A method of amplifying and'reprod'u ing the effects of small forces in a plurality of translatingdevices which includes, c0n

nectirlg: said translating devices in separate electric circu ts, pass1ng heating electric cur rentsthrough said circuits so as to. generate heat. in parts thereof, changing under the influence of said small forces the heat gen-- heat in partsthereof, effecting relative move.-

erated inioneof saidv circuits, thereby affecting one of said translating devices in'accordance wlth saldsmall forces, and reproducing in another of said translating de-.

vices, by the heating effect of one [of said clrcuits' on another, the effect. produced in said first'translating device.

4. A method of recording and c'oncur: rently relay1ngs1gnals of a signal system includlng a recordlng device havlng a S6115?" tive'element'and a relay having a sensitive movement of said circuits under the influenceof said small forces to varythe heating of one of saidcircuits, and thereby afaccordance Withsa'id small forces, and re producing 1n another of said sens tive elements, by the heating transferrlng effect of one of said circuits upon another, the effect produced in said first sensitive element.

5 5. A method .of recording and concurrently relaying signals of a signal system includingfa recording device having a sensitive element and a relay having a sensitive element, which includes, connecting the sensitiveelement of the recording device and the sensitive element of. the relay in separate fecting one of said sensitive elements in V A electric. circuitsarr'anged in mutual heat transferring relation, passing. heating electriccurrents through sald circults, changing under the influence of the signals of said" signaling system the mutual heat transferring effect of said circuits, therebyafiecting one of said sensitiveelements in accordance with said small forces, and reproducing 1n another of said sensitive elements by said ing the etieciis' of small of tra is r a receiver having a varying mutual heat transferring eflect the" effect produced in said first sensitive element. I

.ying and reproduc orces' in a plurality lating devices which includes con- 1.1 1; devices in separate dependent electric. .ts so to genei 6. A method of am currents through said ate heat in the swim, and thermally coupling said circuits so current variations 1n one translating device are reproduced in the other translating device through mutual heating effect or said circuits.

7 A method of reproducing theefiects of feeble forces which includes utilizing the mutual heat exchange between two electric circuits to vary the currents carried by said circuits, varying said mutual heat exchange under the influence oi the said forces to effect variations in the currents of said circuitsin accordance Wi' i said forces and re n'oducing in a ipliiied form in each of said circuits the eiiects 01"" said forces.

8'. In a signaling system, in combination, a receiver having recording c rcuit and a separate relay circuit, a sensitive recording element connected in said recording circuit, a sensitiverelay element connected in said relay circuit, a receiving circuit and means including a thermoelectric coupling for reproducing the effects of said receiving circuit simultaneously in said recording circuit and said relay circuit.

9. In a signaling system, in combination,

' a receiver having a plurality of circuits each including a heated resistance conductor, said resistance conductors being arranged for heat transference from one conductor to another, translating elements connected respectively in said circuits, means for actuating one of said translating elements under con trol of the received s'g'nal and means for correspondingly control ng actuation of another of said translating devices through heat transference between the heated resistance conductors.

10. In a signaling system, in combination a receiver having a plurality of separate circuits each including a current heated resistance conductor, said conductors being arranged for heat transference from one to another, translating devices connected respectively in said circuits. means for effect.

and thereby aiiecti'ng its: translating device 1n accordance with the-received signals and means for coupling to the first bridge an other bridge so as to ali'ect its translating dc vice in accordance'Withthe received signal.

12. In a signaling system, in combination, a receiver having two circuits each connected in bridge formation, an electroresponsivc device connected'in each of said circuits, means for unbalancing one of said bridges and thereby affecting its electroresponsive device in accordance With the received signals, and a thermal coupling between said bridges to unbalance the second bridge and thereby affect its "electroresponsive device in accordance with the received signals.

bridge and thereby to affect its sensitive element in accordance with the received signals. v I

14%. in a signal system, in combination, a receiver having two circuits eachconne'cted in bridge formation and eaclrliaving a resistance conductor, an electroresponsive element connected in each of said bridge cir cuits, means for varying" the temperature of the. resistance conductor in one bridge to unbalance the same and thereby actuate its elccti'oresponsive element under control of the received signals, and means for unbalancing the second bridge inaccordance With the unbalancing or the first to control ac tuation of its electroresponsive element in accordance With the received si nals.

15. in a signal system, in combination, a

receiver having two circuits each connected in bridge formation and each having a resistance conductor, a sensitive element of a relay device connected in one of said bridge circuits, sensitive element ofarecording device connected in another of said bridge circuits, means for varying the temperature of the resistance conductor in one bridge to unbalance the same and thereby actuate its sensitive element under control of the re ceivcd signals, and means for unbalancing the second bridge through heat transference to its resistance conductor from the resistance conductor of the first bridge to control actuation of its sensitive element in accordance with the received signals.

16. In a signal systen'i, in combination, a receiver having a plurality of circuits each having a resistance conductor, a sensitive element of-a relay device connectedin one circuit, a sensitiveelement or recording device connected in another'circuit, means for 'varying the temperature of the resistance conductor in one circuit-to thereby actuate lts sensitive element under control of the receivedsignals, and means for controlling 7 bridge formation, .each including a trans lating device, means wliereby'one' ofthe arms of one bridge may have its physical relation to the corresponding arm of the other bridge actuation of the sensitive element Oran other of said circuits in accordance \v1th- .the received signals by heat transference between said resistance conductors, I

1'7. In a signaling system,,in combination, a plurality of independent bridge devlc'esv having translating elements, and means for thermally coupling said translating elements whereby variations in the "current traversingone element is reproduced in another element Without electrical distortion. v v V 18. A plurality of Wheatston'e bridges thermally coupled whereby the unbalancing of one bridge 1s reproduced 1n another by virtue of'the thermal coupling. 7.

19. In a signalling system, in combination, a plurality of circuits arranged in bridge formation, a translating device connected across each bridge, one of said bridges hav ing an arm so mounted that its physical rela tion to the other bridge may be altered to make snnultaneous and correspondmg alterations in both bridge circuits.

20. In a signalling system, incombination,

a plurality of circuits each arranged in altered to simultaneously unbalance both bridges, said circuits jbemg so arranged that 7 their balances are independent of said translating devices.

21. In a signaling bridge formation, an additional or actuating circuit, and means controlled'by said actuating c rcuit to simultaneously and propor-- -ll1011lt6ly unbalance both bridges thereby to reproduce therein electrical] variations in system, in combination, a plurality of clrcults 7 each arranged 1n' accordance with electrical variations taking 'place 1n said actuat ng c1rcu1t.'

a plurality of circuits-each arranged in Y 22, In Jasignalling system, in combination, I

bridgeforn'iation, said bridge circuits each having two] arms independent of the other: bridge and tWo arms mutually. related-to said other brid e whereby movement of certain o t said mutually related arms relative to saidkothers simultaneously and rpropor tionatelyj imbalances both bridges 23. In ajs'ignaling system, in combination, a bllelgfi'Cllctllt havlng a translating ClGYlCQ and a resistance conductorm one of the bridge arms thereof, a signal circuit, a heat-g ing element mounted adjacent to said resist,

ance conductor, and means, controlled by of said heated element upon .said resistance conductor,

"a'plurality oit bridge circuitsea'ch having a translating device connected therein and each havinga resistance conductor in one of its'bridge arms, means to heat said resistsaid signal circuit for varying the heat efl'ect s r t 24. Ina signaling system,,incombination,-

ance conductors, said resistance conductorsf being mounted adjacent each other so as to vary their temperature by mutual heat" exchange, a" signal circuit, and meansfcontrolled by said signal circuit for varying the ductors upon each other.

25. In asignaling system, in'combination, a plurality of gCll'GllltS each arranged in bridge formation and including electro-senmutual heating elfect of'sa'id resistance con- 'sitive translatin devices an additionalior},

V b 7 s actuating circuitji' r 7 A; CUNNINGHAM;

In testimony hereofIjafiiX my signature. 

